Firearm.



F. K. YOUNG.

FIREARM.

'APPLIGATION FILED AUG. 9, 1909.

Patented July 25., 1911.

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F. K. YOUNG.

FIREARM. APPLIGATION FILED AUG. 9, 1909.

Patented July 25, 1911.

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F. K. YOUNG.

. FIREARM.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 9, 1909.

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UNITED- STATES PATENT OFFICE. FRANKLIN K. YOUNG, QF ASSIGNOR, BY MESNEASSIGN- MENTS, TO INTERNATIONAL FIREARMS COFMPANY, WILMINGTON, DELAWARE,

A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

FIREARM.

Specification of Letters Patent, t t J ly 1911 Application filed August9, 1909. Serial No. 511,851.

Be itknown that I, FRANKLIN K. YOUNG, a citizen of the United States,residing at lVinthrop, county of Suifolk, State of-Massachusetts, haveinvented a certain new and useful Improvement in Firearms, of which thefollowing is a specification, reference being had therein to theaccompanying drawmgs.

This invention relates to improvements in firearms and relates moreespecially tothat class of automatic self-loading firearms in whichthe-barrel is fixed and immovable.

The primary object of my invention .is to provide abreech-mechanism forself-loading firearms, which shall be of few parts, simple tomanipulate, durable and inexpensive to manufacture and which may beautomatically operated by the cartridges in commen use; and whichbreech-mechanism shall not depend for its automatic reloading operationupon a recoiling barrel, or upon a vent through the barrelin-coinbination with a gas operated piston or lever, or upon arearwardlv movable plug or piston situated and movable within the baseor head of a cartridge case or shell, or upon a rearwardly movableprimer situated and movable within the base or head of a cartridge caseor shell. I

One object of my invention is to utilize the elongation of the case orshell of a metallic cartridgewhich takes place upon explosion of thepowder charge contained therein, for the purpose of automaticallyoperating a self-loading breech-mechanism combined with or attached toor contained within the receiver or frame or breech of a firearm; saidcartridge being properly seated and fired within the chamber of thebarrel of said firearm.

Another object of my invention is to utilize the recession or rearwardmovementof a cartridge case or shell made of any material upon explosionof the powder charge con-- tained therein, for the purpose ofautomatically operating a self-loading breech-mech-.

anism combined with or attached to or contained within the receiver orframe or breech ofa firearm; said cartridge being properly seated andfired within the cham- ,ber of the barrel of said firearm;

Another object of my inventlon is to limit the elongation of a metalcartridge case or shell and also tolimit the recession or rearwardmovement of a cartridge case or shell made of any material uponexplosion of the powder charge contained in said case or shell to theextent necessary for automatically operating a self-loadingbreech-mechanism combined with or attached to or con tained within thereceiver or frame or breech.

of a firearm; said cartridge being properly seated and fired within thechamber of the barrel of said firearm.

It is another object of my invention that a cartridge being properlyseated and. fired within the chamber of the barrel of a firearm andenergy generated by the explosion of the powder'charge contained in saidcartridge being suflicient to cause the case or shell of said cartridge,if made of metal, to

elongate, or to cause said case or shell, if made of any material, torecedc or move rearwardly to the extent necessary to automaticallyoperate a self-loading breechmechanism combined with or attached to orcontained within the receiver or frame or breech of said firearm; thenthe case of the said cartridge shall be prevented from furtherelongating rearwardly or from further recession or movement rearwardlyand shall be positively and mechanically held immovable rearwardly andutilized to prevent the escape of the gases of explosion through therear end of the barrel of said firearm and that said cartridge case orshell shall be so held immovable rearwardly until the projectilecontained'in said, cartridge has passed out of and beyond the muzzle ofthe barrel of said firearm, Y Y I The purpose of the' device by which Imechanically interpret my idea or ideas,'and by which I attain myobjects before mentioned, and which device later will be fullydescribed, is: 1. To automatically operate a self loading breechmechanism combined with, attached to, or contained within the receiveror frame or breech of a firearm by means of'the momentum derived fromthe aggregate weight; timesthe velocity of'certain pieces 0 metal orparts, to which parts motion is imparted by the thrust or movement ofanother part which I term the bolt head, which latter is actuated andputin motion by rearward movement or by the elongation of, or by boththe elongation and the rearward movement of the case or shell of acartridge iproperly seated andfired in the chamber 0 the barrel of saidfirearm. 2. To limit the rearward elongation of a metal cartridge caseor shell,or to l1m1t the recesslon or rearward move tance between theforward face of the locking sleeve and the posterior surface of the'bolt head.

My present inventiondifi'ers in essential points from my priorinventions and from the inventions of others, such for instance as shownin United States Letters Patent to me No.'624,145, No. 691,040, and No.

764,513; or to Young and Sherifl", No.

My present invention herein described differs from each and all of theforegoing in the essential point that my deviceis intended to beautomatically operated by means of the cartridges in common use and isso operative, while each and all of the foregoing firearms are notintended to be automatically operated'by the cartridges in common use,and are capable of automatic operation only when used with a speciallydesigned and constructed cartridge not in common use, said cartridgehavingeither a plug or a piston or a primer situated and movablewithinits head or base, such plug or piston or primer being of suchconstruction and having such amovement as to allow force. from the gasesof explosion produced by the burning of the powder chargewithin saidcartridge case to be transmitted by the rearward movement of said plugor piston or primer to th'e breech-mechanism of said firearm in such amanner and in such a quantity as to automatically operatethe-breech-mechanism of said firearms. Furthermore, while the devicesshown in the foregoing United States Letters Patent No. 783,770 andcertain other patents are somewhat similar to the device which embodiesmy present invention,said prior devices are in no way adapted to thesame purpose as the device described herein as appertaining to mypresent invention, the purpose of which latter is distinctly set forthin the statement contained in the herein specification. My presentinvention herein described furthermore differs from each and all of theforegoing in the essential points that the face of thebolt head, inwhich rests the base or head of the cartridge, is not held rigidlyandimmovably against the base or head of said cartridge, when the latteris properly seated in the chamber of the barrel of a firearm, as it isan essential point in my invention herein described to permit said bolthead to be freely driven a limited v,

distance rearwardly when thus actuated by the rearward movement of thecartridge case or shell when the latter either is elongated or elongatedrearwardly or moved rearwardly by the pressure of the gases of explosionproduced 'by the burning ofthe powder charge contained within saidcartridge case or shell; whereas in each and all of the firearms shownin the said prior patents it is an essential point not to permit thecartridge case or shell either to elongate rearwardly 'or to moverearwardly when the cartridge isv fired, but it is theintention in saidfirearms to prevent such elongation rearwardly and such movementrearwardl of the said cartridge case or shell, and for the purpose ofpreventing such elongation and such movement rearwardly of the saidcartridge case or shell, the face of the breech bolt 'or breech block insaid firearms I is rigidly held in rearwardly immovable contact with thebase or head of the said cartridge case or shell. In other words, in thedevice which embodies my invention herein described, that part termedthe. bolt head and which seats the cartridge in the chamber of thebarrel of a firearm, is free to move rearwardly for a limited distanceand is so constructed as to be readily driven rearward for said limiteddistance by the elongation or by the rearward elongation, or by therearward movement, of the cartridge case or shell, whenever the latteris acted upon by the pressure of the gases of explosion produced by theburning of the powder charge contained within said cartridge case orshell; while in each and all of the foregoing firearms, that part termedthe bolt, and which seats the cartridge into the chamber of the barrelof said firearms, is intended to prevent rearward elongation, orrearward movement, or both, of the cartridge case or shell when actedupon by the gases'of explosion, and for this purpose said bolt is soconstructed as to-be incapable of such rearward movement for anydistance whatsoever by any elongation or movement rearwardly of the saidcartridge case or shell, but said bolt remains fixed and immovable untilset in motion by other parts of the breech-mechanism thereto appertainiswill be observed, the device herein dea scribed and which embodies mypresent invention involves a change in the general construction offirearms which change constitutes a new and skilful adaptation of one ormore well-known implements for the firearms, that specialpurpose-of-producin in a new and useful manner the automatic operationof the breech mechanism in self-loading firearms. It also willbe'observedthat while one or more ofthe devicescontained ingmy hereindescribed invention are somewhatsimilarto devices used in the foregoingone of the said devicesused in the said fo i'egoing firearms are in anyway adapted to the purpose ofmpresent invention and that none of the beore .men-

tioned devices are capable of being automatically operatedeither ,by,the elongation, or by the rearward elongation, or by the duced by thcontained wi hin the said cartridge case or shell.

rearward movement of the cartridge case or shell whenever the latter isacted upon by the pressure of the gases of explosion proburningof thepowder charge The practiiability of the'idea or ideas embodied in A yinvention hereindescribed has-been demonstrated by an actual mechanism,which 1 tter is capable of operation and has been perated and whichis-operative upon the principle alleged and by the method herein setforth and described. It

.Will'also be observed that whenever in my invention herein described Imake use of any well-known implement, I do so for the purpose ofaccomplishing a special purpose and do accomplish a specialpurpose bysuch use; also that my adaptation of said implement for said purpose isnew and also that my said adaptation of said implement for said specialpurpose involves a change in the eneral construction of said implementor implements. V

Heretofore, so far as known to me, it has been customary for that partin a firearm termed the breech-bolt to have locking lugs formed thereinto engage with recesses in the-receiver ,or barrel, whereby the bolt,

' after seating the cartridge in the-chamber of forri1ed by two parts,one of which is termed by me the-bolt headand the other the lockingsleeve, the adaptation of said two parts being for the special purposeof permitting the cartridge in common use to automatically operate thebreech-mechanism of a self-loading firearm, said adaptation being newand'involving a general change in the construction of firearms.

Another feature of the invention relates to a construction in which abolt head having a face fitted to contain the head or base of thecartrid e and the u per side of the said bolt hea being fitte to engageand retain the extractor and having onits iposterior side a neck fittedto slide within but non-rotatable with regard to, the locking sleeve,said bolt head having an aperture throughout its entire length fitted toreceive" and contain the firing-pin and to permit'the free movementbackward and forward therein of the said firing-pin; is provided with alocking sleeve which'may containall or part of the neck of said bolthead, the

limited distance within said locking sleeve; Another feature of theinvention relates said neck being at all times free to move a 1 to thecombination of a bolt head slidable within the locking sleeve, thelatter being slidable and rotatable Within an exterior jacket and ridingupon a hollow part which. I term the breech bolt, which bolt is sethorizontally into the back wall of the jacket, the firing-pin beingpartially, and the spring being wholly contained in said bolt.

Another feature of the invention relates to the manner-of uniting, thejacket, lireech.

bolt, locking sleeve, bolt head and firing-pin andspring by such form'of construction that the parts may be assembled or disassembled bymeans of the hands and without the use of any other'fnstrument.

Another feature of the invention relates to a construction embodying inthe particu- Y lar form and-arrangement a slidable bolt head,theenlarged part of which is always anteriorly exterior to-thelockingsleeve and the neck of which bolt head'is contained and movablewithin the locking sle eve insuch a' manner that when a cartridgeisproperly seated in the chamber of the barrel of the firearm the faceof the'said bolt head is in contact with the base of said cartridge,while the'rear of the neck of said bolt head is in contact with thebolt, so-that when the cartridge case. is "elongated, or rearwardlyelongated,- or is moved rearwardly by the pressure of the gases ofexplosion produced 1 by the burning of the powder charge containedwithin said cartridge case,'motion is imparted by the said cartridgecase to the said bolthead and by the bolt head to said bolt and by saidbolt to said exterior jacket.

Another featureof my invention relates to a bolt head devoid of lugs andso con. structed andarranged that it may be moved rearwardly by thecartridge case whenever the latter is elongated, or elongatedrearwardly, or actuated rearwardly by the pressure of the gases ofexplosion, said rear ward movement of said bolt head being limited byand ending upon contact with the locking sleeve whenever the-lugs uponthe locking sleeve are engaged in corresponding recesses contained inthe receiver, or in the barrel, or in both.

receiver. locking sleeve showing the locking sleeve 'Another feature ofthe invention relates to a bolt fixed horizontally into the rear end ofthe interior of the jacket and pro- :truding into the locking sleeve insuch a manner as to push forward the bolt head intocontact with the baseor head of a cartridge properly seated in the chamber of the barrel of afirearm.

* Another feature of the invention relates to a hollow jacket and ahollow bolt which is fixed into the front of the rear wall of saidjacket and extends horizontally and forwardly and contains a firing-pinand firingout and clearly defined in the claims at the close'of thespecification.

In the drawings,Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section showing theautomatic self-loading mechanism at the end of its forward movement andwith a cartridge in position and the gun ready for firing. Fig. 2 is avertical longitudinal-section showing the automatic self-loadingmechanism at the beginning of its forward movement with the bolt headfully retracted and a cartridge in position ready to be shoved into thechamber of the gun. Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal section of thejacket. Fig: 4 is a plan view of the jacket. Fig. 5 is a front elevationof the jacket. Fig. 6 is a front elevation ofthe bolt head. Fig. 7 is aside elevation of the bolt head. Fig. 8 is a plan of the locking sleeve.Fig. 9 is a front elevation of the locking sleeve as it enters into theFig. 10 is a front elevation of the lugs engaged in the locking sleevelug recesses in the receiver. Fig. 11 is a front elevation of thelocking sleeve cam stud. Fig. 12 is a side elevationof the extractor.Fig. 13 is a front elevation ofthe extractor. Fig. 14 is aplan of theclamping pin. Fig. 15 is a front elevation of the clamping pin. Fig. 16is a cross section of the receiver in front of the jacket, showing thehandle for hand operation. Fig. 17 isa side elevation and Fig. 18 an endelevation of a-locking sleeve showing a modified form of locking lug.

Referring to the drawings, 1 designates -the-=receiver or frame whichcontains and supports the breech-mechanism of the firearm. In theforward portion of this frame is the barrel-socket 2, into which latteris secured the barrel 3. In the rear of the barrel is the cartridgechamber 4, and abutting upon and behind the cartridge chamber is thebolt-head recess 5 formed either by the walls of the receiver or by therear elonganecessary to permit the free passage back and forth of saidlocking lugs, and of the extractor 9.

Underneath and partially within the forward portion of the receiver isthe magazine 10, and underneath and partially or .wholly within the rearportion of the re-' ceiver is the hammer 11, the trigger 12 and themechanism appertaining thereto.

Attached to the rear portion of the receiver and extending diagonallydownward in line with the neck 13 of the stock of the gun and sosituated that its top side is flush with the top of said neck is themain spring cylinder-holder 14, which latter may be a hollow cylinder,or may be composed of two or more parallel tail-pieces, or may be of anyother construction capable of properly containing themain-spring-cylinder 15.

Within the main-spring cylinder-holder is situated the main-springcylinder 15, which latter consists of an elongated thin metal case ofequal diameters and is fitted to contain the main spring 16, and themainspring compressor-head 17.

An opening 18 upon the top side of the receiver is formed in such amanner as to permit the quick and easy filling of the magazine either bymeans of a clip, or by hand, and also to facilitate the egress of the,fired cartridge-case when the latter is in processof ejection from thegun. Also a slot 19 is formed in the right-hand side of the receiver topermit the necessary movements of a handle 20 attached'to the jacket 21,whereby the gun at any time may be operated or manipulated as ahand-arm.

The breech mechanism includes a bolt head 22 and a collection-o'fpartswhich will be termed the weight, which weight vactuates thelocking-sleeve and. thus controls the opening and the closing of thegun. Such weight comprises the jacket 21, Figs. '3, 4 and 5, the breechbolt 23, the locking-sleeve camstud 24, the clamping-pin 25,.thefiring-pin 26, the firing-pin spring 27, the compressor: rod 28, and thecompressor-rod head 17.

The bolt head is formed with a boss or enlarged portion 31 and with aneck 29-said neck extending into the forward end of sleeve 8 which Iterm the locking sleeve. A hollow cylindrical breech bolt 23 ofdifferent diameters having a central aperture therethrough is formedwith a neck 44 which extends into the rear end of said locking saidbreech bolt 23.is formed with an interj mediate thick portion, and arearwardly extending. reduced portion" 45 which I latter is seatedin anaperture 47 in the rear wall of the jacket 21. The firing pin 26 passesthrough the breech bolt and bolt head, the

different diameters to accommodate the dif- 'ferent diameters of thefiring pin and per- .mit longitudinal movement thereof, the

aperture through the bolt head being small to fit the small diameter'ofthe forward portion of the firingpin.

by the firing pin spring 27.

-The locking sleeve 8 has a cylindrical rear adapted to engage withlocking-lug recesses- 6 formed in the wall of the receiver 1, saidlocking recesses being so formed that the locking'lugs may be engagedtherewith when the locking sleeve is in its 'most forward position andwhen so engaged the lockmg sleeve cannot be moved longitudinally.

The'said locking sleeve is rotatable however,

. when the lugs are in said recesses, and said lugs may be disengagedfrom'the locking recesses by a partial turn of the locklng sleeve andwhen so disengaged the locking.

sleeve may be moved rearwardly.

' Fig. 8. .A removable. cam stud 24 The locking sleeve 8 is formed onits outer face with a cam path 48 having its forward portion parallelwith-the axis of the locking sleeve and its rear portion turned at anangle to the forward portion as shown in passes; transversely through ahole 241 in'the wall of the jacket 21- and engages withsaid 'cam ath 48in the locking'sleeve. During the ongitudinal movement of the jacketwhile the cam stud 24 is engaged with the longitudinal portion of thecam path the locking sleeve will remain stationary but while. the

,saids'tud is-traveling through the diagonal portion of the 'cam paththe locking sleeve will be rotated. =A pin 25 passes transverselythrough a hole 252 in the jacket'21,

through the breech bolt 23 and through an elongated. slot 36 in thefiring pin, thus fastning together the jacket, breech bolt and firingpin so thatthe jacket, breech bo'ltand firing-pin will move as one pieceexcept that the firing pin has a short longitudinal move- -ment relativeto the br ech,.bolt on account of-the longitudinal slot '36 in thefiring pin through which the 'clampingpin passes. The'pin 25 has a'finger lever 251 (see Figs. 4, 14, 15,) which lies in :a longitudinalslot 39 in the side of the jacket 21 and in slot- V (See Figs. 12 and13);- aperture through the jbreech bolt being of p The. firing pin isnormally retalned' in its rearward pos tion Referring to 49in the camstud (see Fig. 11) as shown in Fig. 4. In'removing the pin the 'leverarm 251 is swgng outward toward the pin 25 which clamps the partstogether on its axis and then the pin'can belifted out. The cam stud 24is formed with' shoulders 53 (see Fig. 11) against whichithe extractorstop 52 is adapted to strike when the jacket moves rearwardly with theconnected parts.

The extractor .9 passes through a longitudinal groove 51 in the upperside of the jacket (see Figs. '4, 5 and 16,) and through a groove 93 inthe 'top of the cam stud (see Fig. 11) and is formed With a flange 91(see Fig. 12) tvhich engages with a slot 92 in thebolt head (see-Figs. 6andfl7) so that'the extractoris held by the bolt head and must move withit. The groove 93 in the cam stud is beveled to fit the correspondingbeveled portion of the extractor. See Fig. 11.

When the parts are inthe position ready for firing, the locking sleevebeing-locked by the engagement of its lugs with the locking lug recessesand the bolt head-being in its most forward position as in Fig. 1,;

there is a. space 42 between the rear of the enlarged portion ofq'thebolt head and the forward end of the locking sleeve. Although I haveherein shownv and described a bolt head having an enlarged portion orboss slightly shorter than the dis-' tance between the front face ofthelocking sleeve and the base of the cartridge when the locking sleeve islocked and the cartridge is properly seated in the cartridge chamber,

I iwould'have it distinctly understood that I do not limit. myself tosuch construction of said bolt head, but hold myself at liberty toconstruct said bolt head with an enlarged portion either of'lesser or ofgreater length than as herein described.-

In the modified form of locking sleeve- I shown in Figs. 17 and 18 thereis shown only one pair of locking lugs instead of two as in Fig. 8 andthe head 57 of the locking sleeve is cylindrical.

1herein is shown a. firearm ready to be fired. A- cartridge 30 is seatedin thecartridge-chamber, the face 41 of the bolt head 22 is in contact.with the base 32 of the cartridge-case 33; the locking sleeve lugs 7areengaged in their corresponding locking-lug recesses 6; the front face34 of the breech bolt 23 is in contact;

with the rear 35 of the neck 29 of the bolt head 22, the jacket .21 isclosed over the locking sleeve 8, leaving the rear end of the firing-pin26 exposed to the blow of the hammer, which latter is cocked. Thetrigger being pulled,-the hammer is released and falling forward strikesthe rear end of the firing pin, driving the point 37 ofthe latteragainst the primer 38 detonating the fulminate and thus igniting thepowder-charge 40 whichexplodes; The face 41 of the bolt-head being-incontact with the base 32 of the fired cartridge-case at the time of theexplosion, force from said explosion is communicated through the baseofsaid cartrid e-case to the face of said bolt-head. The e ect of thetransmission of force from said cartridge case to said bolt-head is toput the latter in motion rearwardly; and the rear of the neck of saidbolt head being at the time in contact with the face 34 of the breechbolt 23, which protrudes horizontally forward into the interior of thelocking sleeve, force from the explosion is communicated through saidbolt head to said breech bolt; the contracted rear end 45 of said breechbolt being fixed to the rear wall of the jacket 21 force from theexplosion is communicated through said breech bolt to said jacket, theeffect of such transmission of force through said cartridge head,through said bolt head and through .said breech bolt to said jacketbeing to put into motion rearwardly all those parts of thebreech-mechanism which constitute the weight so called, and beforementioned. The weight set in' motion'rearwar'dly, has a preliminarymovement, due to the anterior portion'of the path of the locking sleevecam 48 being coincident with the course of the locking-sleeve-cam-stud.The. effects of this preliminary movement of the weight are to partiallycompress the main spring and to give time for the bullet to pass out ofthe barrel and for the pressure of the gases of explosion to becomeremoved-from the face of the bolt head and from the lugs of the lockingsleeve. During this preliminary movement of the weight thelocking-sleeve remains locked by the engagement of the lockinglugs inthe locking lug recesses, and forms a stop for the rearward movement ofthe bolt head until the locking sleeve 'is unlocked.

But this preliminary movement of the weight being completed, thecontinued rearward-movement of the jacket 21 engages thelocking-sleeve-cam-stud 24 in the diagonal portion ofthc locking-sleevecam-path 48 causing the locking-sleeve to partially turn and thus todisen age the locking lugs 7 from the locking-s eeve recesses 6, asshown in Fig. 2. The locking-sleeve cam-stud 24" final rearward movementextract the case of the fired eartrid e, and pull it against the ejector54 which atter throws the said cartridge case outward through theopening in the receiver in the usual manner. Mean- 52 is in contact witha shoulder 53 while, the rearward movement of the weight, supplementedby the rearward movement of other parts of the breech-mechanism, has

cartridge 56 in the magazine has risen into .ea'sy engagementwiththeface of the bolt head. The main spring having only the weight andinertia of the brech mechanism to contend against now proceeds to propelthe breech-mechanism forward as one pi ece. The bolt head actuated bythe momentum of the other parts thus propelled forward y by the mainspring engages the base of the.

topmost cartridge 56 inthe magazine, se-

cures it in the extractor hook and pushes it into the cartridge-chamberas shown in Fig. 1; the locking-lugs 7 are opposite the locking-lugrecesses and the locking-sleeve and the bolt head have come to rest.Whereupon the weight continuing its forward movement forces thelocking-sleeve cam-stud 24 through the angle of the locking-sleevecam-path 48, thus rotating the locking-sleeve and causing thelocking-sleeve lugs 7 to enga'ge .the corresponding locking-lug recesses6 as in Fig. 1. At the final forward movement of the wei ht, the camstud passes through the straight portion of the campath 48 causing theface of the breech bolt 23 to encounter the rear 35 of the neck 29 ofthe bolt head and advance the bolt-head until-the cartridge is properlyseated within the cartridge-chamber, thuscompleting the position shownin Fig. 1.

By the arrangement and employment of parts thus shown, I do away withthe movable plug or piston or primer 1n the base or head of a speciallyconstructed cartridgecase, which-I heretofore have used to-unlock aboltor breech-block locked into a receiver behind a fixed andnon-recoiling barrel; and by thearrangement and employment of' partsthus shown I unlock a bolt or breech-block behind a fixed andnonrecoiling barrel by,means of the cartridge case in common use.

It is to be understood that an equivalent embodiment in firearms otherthan of automatic features of my invention capableof such embodimentwill be held by me to fall within the scope of such of my herein claimsas are drawn to such, features, and that,

therefore, I do not'restrict such claims to 'struction shown, but hdldmyself at liberty to make such departures therefrom as fairly fallwithin the spirit and scope of my invention. V

What I-claim is; 1. In a firearm, a movable lockin sleeve, I, jacketmovable with and indepen entlyof the movement of the said sleeve, a bolthead movable both with and independently of the movement of said lockingsleeve and jacket, a breech bolt which is connected with said -.jacketand moves therewith and whose forward end projects'int-o the rear end ofthe locking sleeve and is adapted to engage said bolt head, a firing pinwhich extends through said'breech' bolt and bolthead and .is movabletherewith and with relation thereto, means for' holding said sleevestationary during the initial rearward movement of movement of the bolthead, and means actuated by the movement of the said jacket to rendersaid retaining means operative. 2. In a'firearm a movable lockingsleeve, a jacket movable with relation to said locking sleeve, a bolthead movable with relation to'said locking sleeve and with relation tosaid jacket, ahollow breech bolt within said jacket and detachablyconnected therewith and whose forward end projects into the rear end ofthe locking sleeve and is adapted to engage said bolt head, a firingpin-which extends through said breech bolt and bolt head-and. is movablewith relation thereto, means for locking said sleeve during the initialrearward movement of the bolt head and during the final forwardmovementof the bolt head. 3. In a fire arm a movablelocking sleeve, a jacketmovable with relation to said locking sleev'e,abolt head movable withrelation to said locking sleeve and with relation to a said jacket-,ahollow breech bolt within said jacket and detachably connected therewithand whose forward end projects into the rear end of the locking sleeveand is adapted to engage'said bolt head, a firing pin which extendsthrough said breech bolt and bolt head andjis movable with relationthereto, means for locking said sleeve during the initial rearwardmovement of the bolt head and during the final forward movement of thebolt head, said locking means eing actuated by the movement of thejacket.

1 4. In a firearm a movable locking sleeve, a jacket movable with andindependently of said locking sleeve, a bolt head which projectsinto'the' forward end of said sleeve and is movable independently ofsaid sleeve, a hollow breech bolt within said jacket and detachablyconnected therewith and projectthe bolt head and during the finalforward further rearwardimovement of the jacket to ward. movement of 't;said sleeve, whereby-the said Sleeve i 1 1 1.139

ing into the rear end of said sleeve and adapt-.

' ed to engage the rear end of said bolt head,

a firing pin which passes throughsaid breech 'bolt and bolt head and isslidable therein,

means for locking said sleeve against movement during the initialrearward movement of the bolt head and jacket and during the finalforward movement of the bolt head and jacket. 4

5. In a'fire arm, a receiver, having locking-lug recesses, a slidableand rotatable locking sleeve having locking lugs adapted to engage withsaid recesses, a bolt head having a neck which projects in-tdthe forwardend of said sleeve and is slidable with relation :thereto and has a headwhich projects forwardly beyond the forward end of said sleeve, a jacketwhich encircles the rear portion of said sleeve and is slidable withrelat1 on thereto, a hollow breech bolt within said jacket anddetachably connected therewith,

said breech bolt extending into the rear end; of the locking sleeve andadapted to engage the rear end of the bolt head, a firing pin whichpasses through the breech bolt -and\ 'bolt head, the rearward movementof the bolt head actuatinlg the rearward movement of. the breech bojacket and firing pin while the locking sleeve is locked, meansactuatedby the rearward movement of the jacket afterits initial movementto unlock the said. sleeve from the receiver, the bolt head beingactuated by the breech. bolt in the final forward movement to move thebolt head forward 'into the operative position and to hold it inengagement with the base of a cartridge properly seated in the chamberof the-barrel.

6. 'In .a' fire arm, a slidable and rotatable locking sleeve, a slidablejacket encircling said sleeve, a bolt head havin a neck which extendsinto the forward en of the sleeve and is slidable with relation theretoand having an enlarged portion on its outer end, a hollow breech boltwhich is detachably connected with the said jacket, and whose forwardend extends into said sleeve and is adapted to engage the rear end ofsaid bolt head, a firing pin which passes through said breech bolt andbolt head'and is slidabletherein, means for locking said sleeve againstrearward movement during the initial rearward movement of the bolt headand jacket after firing, means actuated by unlock the sleeve beforethejacket has completed its rearward movement, means whereby after thesleeve is unlocked further rearward movement of the jacket will move thesaid sleeve rearwardly and .on the initial forward movement of thejacket the said sleeve will move therewith, said locking means beingactuated by the further for- 'acket to lock the against further forwardmovement while the said-jacket and bolt head complete their forwardmovement.

7. In a firearm, a slidable but non-rota slidable jacket andnon-slidable and nonrotatable with relation to said jacket, and havingan aperture longitudinally therethrough, a slidable but non-rotatablebolt head whose rear end is adapted to be engaged by the forward end ofsaid breech bolt, said bolt head having an aperture longitudinallytherethrough 1n alinement with the aperture in the breech bolt, and afiring pin carried by said breech bolt and slidable within the apertureof said breech bolt and bolt head.

9. In a firearm, a jacket, a movable locking sleeve extending intotheforward end of said jacket, and formed with a cam path in thesidethereof, a removable stud passing transversely through the wall of thejacket and engaging said cam path, a bolt head whose rear end extendsinto the forward end of the locking sleeve, said jacket being formedwith a groove longitudinally thereof in its outer periphery,.said camstud having a head formed with a beveled groove in alinement with thegroove in the jacket, and an extractor held in the said groove in thejacket and stud, the bevel of the groove holding the extractor againstlateral displacement.

10. In a firearm, a jacket, a breech bolt located within'and carried bysaid jacket andhaving an aperture longitudinally therethrough, a firingpin carried by-said breech bolt within said aperture,. and slidabletherein, said firing pin .having an elongated slot therethrough, and aremovable clamp ing pin which passes transversely through said jacketand breech bolt and slot in the firing pin.

11. In a firearm, a jacket, a movable-locking sleeve extending into theforward end of said jacket/and movable with' relation thereto and formedwith a cam path in the side thereof, a removable cam .stud passingtransversely through the wall of the jacket and engaging with said campath, a'breech bolt located within and carried by said jacket andvhaving an aperture longitudinally therethrough, a firing pin carried bysaid breech bolt within said aperture and,

slidable therein, said firing pin having .an elongated slottherethrough, and a removable clamping pin whic passestransverselythrough said jacket, breech bolt and firing pin slot.

12. In a firearm, a jacket, a movable locking sleeve extending into theforward end of said jacket, and formed with a cam path in the sidethereof, a removablecam stud passing transversely through the wall ofthe 'said jacket and having an aperture longitudinally therethrough, afiring pin carried by said breech bolt within said aperture and slidabletherein, said firing pin having an elongated slot therethrough a.removable clamping pin which passes transversely through said jacket,breech bolt and slot in the firing pin, said clamping-pin having a leverarm whereby said clamping pin may be rotated and said jacket beingformed with a longitudinal groove in the side thereof and said cam studhaving a head formed with a groove in the side thereof in alinement with'the said groove in the jacket adapted to receive the said leverarm ofthe clamping-pin.

13. In a fire arm a hollow receiver, a slidable locking sleeve, a jacketencircling said locking sleeve and slidable in said receiver and withrelation to said locking sleeve, a bolt head having a neck which extendsinto the forward end of said locking sleeve and" which has a sliding fittherein and has a forwardly projecting enlarged portion, a hollow breechbolt within the jacket and detachably connected therewith, and whoseforward end extends into said sleeve and is adapted to engage the rearend of the neck of the bolt head, a firing pin whichextends through therear wall of the jacket and through the said breech bolt and bolt headand is slidable therein, means for locking said sleeve against rearwardmovement during the initial rearward movement of the bolt head andjacket after firing,- means actuated by the further rearward movement ofthe jacket after a certain initial movement to unlock said sleeve'beforejacket and detachably connected therewith,.

and whose forward end extends into said sleeve and is adapted to engagethe rear end of the neck of the bolt head, a firing pin which extends"through the rear wall of the jacket and through the saidbre'ech boltand bolt head and is slidable therein, means for locking'said sleeveagainst rearward movement during the initial rearward movement of thebolt head and jacket after firing, means actuated 'bythe furtherrearward movement of the jacket after a certain initial movement tounlock said sleeve before the jacket has completed its rearward move--ment, means whereby when the said sleeve is unlocked rearward movementof the jacket will move the said sleeve rearwardly,

and on the initial forward movement of thejacket the said sleeve willmove therewith, I

the lugs are opposite the said recesses and' the locking sleeve ispartially rotated receive said lugs and lock the sleeve againstlongitudinal movement, a bolt head having a neckwhich extends into andhas asliding fit in the7forward end of said locking sleeve, and has anenlarged portion 'or boss which is of larger diameter than. the bore ofthe locking sleeve.

16. In a'fire arm, a receiver, a jacket slid-' able within saidreceiver, a locking sleeve I formed with laterally projecting lugs, saidreceiver being formed with a longitudinal passage. in which said lockingsleeve and projecting lugs are adapted to -move longitudinally; saidreceiver having lateral recesses in the inner side walls which when thejacket and the lugs 'are opposite the said recesses and the lockingsleeve is partially rotated receive said u longitudinal movement, a bolthead having a neck which extends into and has a sliding fit intheforward end of said locking sleeve,

and has an enlarged portion-or boss which isof larger diameter than thebore ofthe locking sleeve, a hollow breech bolt within detachablyconnected therea with andhaving an enlarged portion which has a sliding.fit in the rearchamber of the .bolt head being the firing pm. I

receiver being formed with a jacket and has a forward'portion whichextends into the rear end of said locking sleeve, and normally engagesthe rear end of the said bolt head, said breech bolt and formed withapertures in longitudinal alinement with each other for 17. In a firearm',-a receiver, able within saidreceiver, a locking sleeve formed withlaterallyprojecting lugs,'said longitudinal the jacket and tends intothe rear end gs and lock the sleeve against a jacket slid? wardextension of passage in which'said locking sleeve and projecting lugsare adapted to move longitudinally, said receiver having lateralrecesses 1n the inner side walls which when the lugs are opposite thesaid recesses and the locking sleeve is partially rotated receive saidlugs and lockthe sleeve against longitudinal movement, a bolt headhaving a neck which extends into and has a sliding fit in the forwardend of said'locking sleeve, and has an enlarged portion or boss which isof larger diameter than-the bore of the locking sleeve,

detachably connected therewith and having an enlarged portion which hasa'sliding fit in the rear chamber of the a hollow breech boltwithinjacket and has a forward portion which exv I of said locking sleeve, andnormally engages the rear end of the said bolt head, said-breech boltand bolt head being formed with apertures in longitudinal alinement witheach other to contain the firing pin, a firing pin having threediameters the rear portion being the largest and the forward extensionthe smallest, the aperture in the breech bolt being of three diameters,toaccommodate the three diameters-ofthe firin the bolt head being 0%forward extensionof the firing pin.

l8; In a fire arm, a receiver, a jacket slidable within said receiver, alocking sleeve formed with laterally projecting lugs, said receiverbeing formed with a longitudinal passage in whichsaid locking sleeve andprojecting lugs are adapted to move longi tudinally said receiver havinglateral repin, the aperture in" a diameter to fit the cesses in theinner side walls which'when the lugs I the locking sleeve is partiallyrotated receive said lugs and lock the sleeve against longitudinalmovement, a'bolt head having a neck which extends into and has a slidingfit'in the forward end of said locking sleeve, and has an enlargedportion or boss which is of larger diameter than the bore of the lockingsleeve,-

the jacket and detachably connected there with and havingan enlargedportion which I has a'sliding' fit in the rear chambercf the jacket andhas a forward portion which extends into the rear end of the saidlocking sleeve, and normallyengages the rear end of the said bolt'head',said breech bolt and bolt head being formed with apertures inlongitudinal alinement with each other forthe firing pin,- a firing pinhaving three diameters the're'ar portion being the largest and theforward extension the smallest, the aperture in the breech bolt being ofthree diameters to accommodate the three diameters of the firing pin,the aperture in the bolt head being of adiameter to fit the forsleevebeing formed with a cam path in the a hollow breech,bolt withinareopposite thesaid recesses and the firing pin, the locking side thereofhaving a portion which is parallel with the axis and a portion which isdiagonal thereto, a cam stud which passes through the wall of the jacketand engages with said-cam path in the locking sleeve whereby during thefirst portion of the movement of the jacket after firing the cam studwill move in the longitudinal portion of the cam path without moving thelocking sleeve and then the stud will engage the diagonal portion of thecam path and par-' formed with laterally projecting lugs, said receiverbeing formed with a longitudinal passage in which said locking sleeveand projecting lugs are adapted to move longitudinally, said receiverhaving lateral rccesscs in the inner side walls which when the lugs areopposite the said recesses and the locking sleeve is partially rotatedreceive said lugs and lock the sleeve against longitudinal movement, abolt head having a neck which extends into and has a sliding fit in theforward end of said locking sleeve, and has an enlarged portion which isof larger diameter than the bore of the locking sleeve, a hollowbreechbolt within the jacket and detachably connected therewith and having anenlarged portion which has a sliding fit in the rear chamber of the jacketand. has a forward portion which extends into the rear end of saidlocking sleeve and normally engages the rear end of the said bolt head,said breech bolt and bolt head being formed with apertures inlongitudinal alinement with each other for. the firing pin, a firing pinhaving three diameters the rear portion being the largest and theforward extension the smallest, the aperture in the breech bolt being ofthree diameters to accommodate the three diameters of the firing pin,the aperture in the bolt head being of a diameter to -fit the forwardextension of the firing pin,

the locking sleeve being formed with a cam path in the side thereofhaving a portion which is parallel with the axis and a portion which isdiagonal thereto, a cam stud which passes through the wall of the jacketandengages with said cam path in the locking sleeve whereby duringthefirst portion of the movement of the jacket after firing the cam studwill move in. the longitudinal portion of the cam path without movingthe the jacket will move farther forward and the locking sleeve willremain stationary,

, said jacket, breech bolt and firing pin being formed with transversepin holes in alinement with each other, and a removable clamping pinadapted to pass through said apertures and detachably secure said partstogether, said clamping pin being formed with a lever whereby theclamping pin may be removed, said jacket and cam stud being formed witha groove to receive said lever.

20. In a firearm, a slidable but non-rotatable jacket, a slidable androtatable locking sleeve partially contained in said jacket, a bolt headhaving a neck which has a sliding movement within the forward end of thelocking sleeve.

21. In a firearm, a slidable but non-rotatable jacket, a non-slidableand non-rotatable bolt fixed horizontally into the rear wall of saidjacket, a locking sleeve slidable and rotatable in said jacket andriding upon said bolt, a bolt head, said locking sleeve and said bolthead being so fittedwith relation to each other that the rear port-ionof the bolt head has a free sliding movement within the forward end ofthe locking sleeve and means'forlimiting such rearward movement.

22. In a firearm, a slidable, non-rotatable jacket, a locking sleevecontained in said jacket and slidable and rotatable with relation tosaid jacket, and means whereby said jacket may rotate said lockingsleeve, and

n means for preventing the front end of the locking sleeve from comlng1n contact wlt-h the base or head of a cartridge case or shell properlyseated in the chamber or barrel of said firearm.

23. In a firearm, a slidable but non-rotatable j acket, a non-slidableand non rotatable. bolt fixed horizontally into the rear wall of saidjacket, a locking sleeve slidable and rotatable with relation to saidjacket and riding upon said bolt, and means for preventing the front endof the locking sleeve from coming in contact with the base or head of acartridge case or shell properly seated in the chamber or barrel of saidfirearm.

24:. In a firearm, a slidable but non-rotatable jacket, a non-slidableand non-rotatable bolt fixed horizontally into the rear wall of saidjacket, a locking sleeve slidable and rotatable with relation to saidjacket and ridi'ng upon said bolt-, a. bolt head slidable but 1non-rotatable relative to said locking sleeve, and means for preventingthe frontend of the locking sleeve from coming in contact with the baseor head of' a cartridge case or 5 shell properly seated in the chamberor bar-.

- rel of said fire arm. 7 25. Means for transmitting force from thepressure of the gases of explosion produced bf the burning of the powdercharge con- 10 tamed 1n a cartr dge or 1n a cartridge case /or shellproperly seated in the chamber of the barrel of the firearm for thepurpose of I automatically operating the breech mech- .20 bolt anda-bolt head having a neck-slidable within said locking sleeve, said bolthead being formed with an enlarged forward portion, the said. enlargedforward portion being situated between the forward end of .said lockingsleeve tridge or cartridge case or shell andin contact with saidcartridge case, and retained out.of engagement withsaid locking sleeveby the engagement of saidneck with said bolt when the bolt is in its.full forward position. t l I 26. In a firearm, a slidable butnon-rotatable hollow jacket,ahollowlocking'sleeve partially containedwithin said jacket and 3 rotatable and slidable therein, a hollow boltfixed in the rear end of said jacket and projecting forwardly into: saidlocking sleeve, a bolt. head formed with a neck adapted to 4 enter theforward end of said locking sleeve, the rear end of said neck beingadapted to engage the front end of said bolt so that when the bolt is inits'full forward position the posterior or rear surface of the bolt headis not in contact with the anterior or. forward surface or end of saidlocking sleeve.

27. In a firearm, a-slidable but non-rotatable hollow jacket, a hollowlockingsleeve partially contained within said jacket and rotatable andslidable therein, a hollow bolt fixed in the rear end of said jacket,

and projecting forwardlyinto said locking sleeve, a bolt head formedwith a boss and a neck, said boss being fitted on its anterior cartridgecase or shell and to admit an ejector and to retain an extractor, saidneckbeingv adapted to enter the forward end of the said locking sleeve,the rear end of said neck being adapted toengage the front end of saidbolt so that when the bolt is in its full forward position the posterioror rear surface of the bolt head is not in contact witli the anterior orforward surface or end' of said locking sleeve, and a; firing pincontained and the base of said car face to receive and contain the baseof asleeve in its in and passing through said jacket, bolt and bolthead. i

28, In a fire-arm, a slidable locking sleeve,

means for lockingsaid sleeve in its extreme forward position, a bolthead chamber be tween the cartridge chamber and the locking sleeve inits forward position, a bolt head locatcd in said chamber adapted to beseated upon a cartridge case or shell properly seated in the cartridgechamber, said bolt head chamber being of sufficient depth so that thereis -a space between the said bolt head and said locking sleeve when bothare in their most forward positions, said bolt .head having aneck whichenters and is slidable in said locking sleeve, said bolt head chamberbeing of sufficient diameter to permit the cartridge case or shell tofollow the bolt head in'its rearward movement intothe chamber until thebolt head engages the;

locking sleeve. v r a 29. In a firearm, a slidable locking sleeve, abolt head chamber in front of said locking sleeve, a bolt head locatedin said chamber and adapted to be seated-upon a cartridge case or shellproperly seated in the cartridgek chamber, said bolt'head being formedwith a -neck slidable within said locking sleeve, said bolt head chamberbeing of greater depth than the bolt head whereby when the bolt head isinits forward position it is out of engagement with the locking sleeve.

30. In a fire-arm, a locking sleevewhlch is both rotatable and slidable,a chamber 1n front ofvsaid locking sleeve, a bolt head located in saidchamber, said chamber being of greater depth than the bolt head, saidbolt head being formed with a-neck slidable in said locking sleeve, anda bolt separate from said'bolt head which in its forward positionengages the neck of said bolt head and retains said bolt head out ofengagement with said locking sleeve 31-. In a fire-arm, a rotatable andslidable locking sleeve, a bolt head which in its for ward position isin contact with a cartridge case or shell properly seatedin thecartridge chamber and having a neck which is slidable within saidlocking sleeve, the front face of said locking sleeve in its mostforward position being at some distance in the rear of the rear face ofsaid bolt head in its forward position whereby the \bolt head ispermitted a rearward movement. before it engages with said lockingsleeve.

32. In a fire-arm, a rotatable and locking-sleeve, means for lockingsaid sleeve in its forward position, a bolt head in front offsaidlocking sleeve and adapfted to be seated upon the base of the cartridgecase or shell properly seated in the cartridge" chamber, a chamber infront of said locking forward position in which said bolt head isslidable while the locking sleeve bolt head hav'mg a neck slid islocked, said slidable able within said locking sleeve, and meansactuated by the rearwardmovement of said bolt head to unlock saidsleeve.

33. In a fire-arm, a locking sleeve which is both rotatable andslldable, means where by sald locking sleeve is locked by its-rotary 1novc1nent at the end of its forward stroke and unlocked by its rotarymovement during the initial part of its backward stroke, a bolt headlocated in front of said locking sleeve, and having a neck which enterssaid locking sleeve, said bolt. head and neck being slidable withrelation to said lockingsleeve while the locking sleeve is in its lockedposition, a bolt separate from said bolt head and which in its forwardposition enters said locking sleeve and engages the rear end of saidbolt head neck and is slidable with relation to said bolt head andlocking sleeve, a jacket which incloses the rear portion of said boltand is in contact therewith, the parts being so connected that the bolthas an initial rearward movement while the locking In testimony whereofI aflix my signatlu'e, 3

in presence of two witnesses.

FRANKLIN K. YOUNG. \Vitnesses WILLIAM A. COPELAND, ALICE HNMORRISON.

